UrineTestMarijuana.com
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Transmetron
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Urine Test Marijuana - Marijuana Drug Test
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TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL - a.k.a., MARIJUANA - THC - CANNABINOIDS - POT
THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is the primary active ingredient in cannabinoids (marijuana). This.
is the component in marijuana that gets one “high.” When smoked or orally administered, it produces euphoric effects. Users have impaired short term memory and slowed learning. They may also experience transient episodes of confusion and anxiety.Marijuana smoke, just like tobacco smoke, has been proven to cause lung cancer and other forms of cancer as well. Marijuana is also known as the “gateway drug”, leading many people to other harder and more addictive drugs down the road.
Short-term effects of marijuana use include problems with memory and learning; distorted perception; difficulty in thinking and problem-solving; loss of coordination; and increased heart rate, anxiety, and panic attacks.
Long term relatively heavy use may be
associated with behavioral disorders. The peak effect of smoking marijuana
occurs in 20-30 minutes and the duration is 90-120 minutes after one cigarette.
Elevated levels of urinary metabolites are found within hours of exposure and
remain detectable for 3-10 days after smoking. The main metabolite
excreted in the urine is 11-nor-.9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid
(.9-THC-COOH).
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Multi-Panel Drug Tests (to test for 2 to 12 drugs in one test).Marijuana is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers of the Cannabis Sativa, or hemp plant. The major active chemical in marijuana is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (otherwise known as THC). This chemical is also the psychoactive ingredient of hashish. The chemical causes the mind-altering effects of marijuana intoxication. The amount of THC determines the potency, and therefore, the subsequent effects of marijuana.
Today’s marijuana can be 5 times more potent than the marijuana of the 1970’s. The THC levels can range from 0.3 to 4 percent. Some specially grown plants can contain THC levels as high as 15 percent. Several factors are involved in determining the potency of a marijuana plant. These include: 1) growing climate and conditions, 2) plant genetics, and 3) harvesting and processing timing and procedures.
Marijuana is the United States more commonly used illicit drug. Most users smoke marijuana in hand-rolled cigarettes (joints) or in pipes or water pipes (bongs). However, marijuana is frequently not used alone. Marijuana cigars (blunts) are cigars where the tobacco has been replaced with marijuana and combined with another drug (frequently crack cocaine). Marijuana can also be brewed into tea and mixed into foods. Drinking and eating marijuana changes how the THC effects show themselves in the human body.
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse’s (NIDA) Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG), a network of researchers that tracks trends in the nature and patterns of drug use in major U.S. cities, marijuana is frequently combined with other drugs. Crack cocaine, PCP, formaldehyde, and codeine cough syrup are some of these other drugs. This can be done without the user being aware of the combination. Therefore, the risks associated with marijuana use can be compounded by the risks of the other drugs involved.
Marijuana smoke contains 50 to 70 percent more carcinogenic hydrocarbons than does tobacco smoke. It also produces high levels of an enzyme that converts certain hydrocarbons into their carcinogenic form. Puff for puff, smoking marijuana may increase the risk of cancer more than smoking tobacco does.
Terminology around marijuana users varies from region to region and across it’s history. Often called pot, grass, reefer, weed, herb, mary jane, or mj – it can be rolled into joints or used in bongs. Marijuana cigars, known as blunts, have also become popular. There are well over 100 terms for marijuana in use today. For a more complete list of Marijuana drug slang terms click here.
Marijuana use in the United States
1970 - Baby boom generation coming of age – drug choice marijuana
1979 - 60% of 12th graders tried marijuana at least once
1992 - 33% of 12th graders tried marijuana at least once – lowest point since 1979
1997 - 70% of 12th graders tried marijuana
2004 - Monitoring the Future Survey Results
8th graders 16% had tried it, 6% were current users (used in past 30 days)
10th graders 35% had tried it, 16% current users
12th graders 46% had tried it, 20% current users
According to the Department of Justice, marijuana is readily available in almost every corner of the United States. Individuals not only buy marijuana, they grow it. It has been found growing in homes, on farms, in the suburbs, in cities, and even in offices. Marijuana is also smuggled into the United States from Mexico, Cambodia, Thailand, and other countries for sale in our schools, streets, and parts. Buying, selling, using, growing, and just having marijuana is illegal. Each state varies in its marijuana laws. There are conditional laws, decriminalized areas, mandatory testing laws, medical use laws, laws pertaining to hemp, and DUID’s (Driving Under the Influence of Drugs). Due to the variances in the laws, there are also differing consequences and penalties of breaking those laws.
The National Institute of Justice’s Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program (ADAM) collects data on the number of adult arrestees testing positive for various drugs. In 2002, they found that, on average, 41% of male arrestees and 27% of female arrestees tested positive for marijuana. When studying the juvenile offenders, it was discovered that on average, 57% male arrestees and 32% female arrestees tested positive for marijuana.
Despite continued political debates regarding the legality of medicinal marijuana, clinical investigations of the therapeutic use of cannabinoids are now more prevalent than at any time in history. Using the term “cannabinoids” in a keyword search in 2007, over 3400 published scientific studies were produced.
Addiction and Abuse
Long-term marijuana use can lead to addiction in some people; that is, they use the drug compulsively even though it interferes with family, school, work, and recreational activities. According to the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an estimated 21.6 million Americans aged 12 and older were classified with substance dependence or abuse (9.1% of the population at the time). Of this, 4.2 million were dependent on or abused marijuana. In the previous year, 15% of people entering drug abuse treatment programs reported that marijuana was their primary drug of abuse.
Marijuana use has been shown to increase the difficulty in trying to quit smoking tobacco. This was reported in a study comparing smoking cessation in adults who smoked both marijuana and tobacco with those who smoked only tobacco. The relationship between marijuana use and continued smoking was particularly strong in those who smoked marijuana daily at the same time of the initial interview, 13 years prior to the follow up interview.
Along with craving, withdrawal symptoms can make it hard for long-term marijuana smokers to stop using the drug. People trying to quit report irritability, difficulty sleeping, and anxiety. They also display increased aggression on psychological tests, peaking approximately 1 week after they lasted used the drug.
In addition to its addictive liability, research indicates that early exposure to marijuana can increase the likelihood of a lifetime of subsequent drug problems. A study of over 300 fraternal and identical twin pairs, who differed on whether or not they used marijuana before the age of 17, found that those who had used marijuana early had elevated rates of other drug use and drug problems later on, compared with their twins, who did not use marijuana before age 17. This study re-emphasizes the importance of primary prevention by showing that early drug initiation is associated with increased risk of later drug problems, and it provides more evidence for why preventing marijuana experimentation during adolescence could have an impact on preventing addiction. One of the best methods of prevention is frequent and obvious marijuana drug testing. See information on drug prevention for parents.
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Super Special Deals On Drug Tests Transmetron offers only the highest quality,
instant drug test kits and supplies. Our tests are the same tests used
by hospitals and clinics. Each test is FDA approved, easy to use and
easy to read. We offer instant drug test dips, cassettes ( devices ),
saliva drug tests, integrated drug test cups, breath alcohol and saliva
alcohol tests. Our urine drug screen test kits can test for the
following drugs: amphetamine ( AMP ), barbiturates, benzodiazepines (
BZO ), cocaine ( COC ), marijuana ( THC ), methadone ( MTD ),
methamphetamine ( mAMP ) - meth, methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( MDMA ),
morphine, opiate, opiates, phencyclidine ( PCP ), and tricyclic
antidepressants ( TCA ). When you need to know, TRANSMETRON is the way
to go!
One Step Single/Multi-Drug Screen Test Panel
Package Insert
for 1 to 10 Drug Screen Panel “Dip”
Instruction Sheet
for testing of any combination of the following drugs:
AMP, BAR, BZO,
COC,THC, MTD , mAMP, OPI, PCP AND TCA
Amphetamine (AMP)
Barbiturates (BAR)
Cocaine (COC)
Marijuana (THC)
Methadone (MTD)
Methamphetamine (mAMP)
Opiate (300 ng/ml) (OPI 300 or MOP 300)
Opiate (OPI) (2000 ng/ml)
Phencyclidine
Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)
Non Cross-Reacting Compounds
A rapid, one step screening test for the simultaneous, qualitative
detection of multiple drugs and drug metabolites in human urine. For
healthcare professionals and professionals at point of care sites. For
professional in vitro diagnostic use.
INTENDED USE
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The
One Step Multi-Drug Screen Test Panel is a lateral flow chromatographic
immunoassay for the qualitative detection of multiple drugs and drug
metabolites in urine at the following cut-off concentrations: 300 ng/mL
Benzoylecgonine (Cocaine metabolite), 1,000 ng/mL Amphetamine, 1,000
ng/mL Methamphetamine, 50 ng/mL 11-nor-.9 -THC-9- COOH (THC), 2,000
ng/mL Opiate, 25 ng/mL Phencyclidine, in urine.
This assay
provides only a preliminary analytical test result. A more specific
alternate chemical method must be used in order to obtain a confirmed
analytical result. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the
preferred confirmatory method. Clinical consideration and professional
judgment should be applied to any drug of abuse test result,
particularly when preliminary positive results are used.
SUMMARY
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AMPHETAMINE (AMP)
Amphetamine is a
Schedule II controlled substance available by prescription (Dexedrine®)
and is also available on the illicit market. Amphetamines are a class of
potent sympathomimetic agents with therapeutic applications. They are
chemically related to the human body’s natural catecholamines:
epinephrine and norepinephrine. Acute higher does lead to enhanced
stimulation of the central nervous system and induce euphoria,
alertness, reduced appetite, and a sense of increased energy and power.
Cardiovascular responses to Amphetamines include increased blood
pressure and cardiac arrhythmias. More acute responses produce anxiety,
paranoia, hallucinations, and psychotic behavior. The effects of
Amphetamines generally last 2-4 hours following use, and the drug has a
halflife of 4-24 hours in the body. About 30% of Amphetamines are
excreted in the urine in unchanged form, with the remainder as
hydroxylated and deaminated derivatives.
The AMP One Step
Amphetamine Test Strip is a rapid urine screening test that can be
performed without the use of an instrument. The test utilizes a
monoclonal antibody to selectively detect elevated levels of Amphetamine
in urine. The AMP One Step Amphetamine Test Strip yields a positive
result when Amphetamines in urine exceed 1,000 ng/mL.
BARBITURATES (BAR)
Barbiturates are
central nervous system depressants. They are used therapeutically as
sedatives, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants. Barbiturates are almost
always taken orally as capsules or tablets. The effects resemble those
of intoxication with alcohol. Chronic use of barbiturates leads to
tolerance and physical dependence.
Short acting Barbiturates taken at 400mg/day for 2-3 months produces a
clinically significant degree of physical dependence. Withdrawal
symptoms experienced during periods of drug abstinence can be severe
enough to cause death.
Only a small
amount (less than 5%) of most Barbiturates are excreted unaltered in
urine. The approximate detection time limits for Barbiturates are:
Short Acting (e.g. Secobarbital)
100 mg PO (oral)
4 – 5 days
Long Acting (e.g. Phenobarbital
400 mg PO (oral)
7 days1
The One Step
Drug Screen Test yields a positive result when the Barbiturates in urine
exceeds 300ng/ml.
BENZODIAZEPINES (BZO)
Benzodiazepines
are medications that are frequently prescribed for symptomatic treatment
of anxiety and sleep disorders. They produce their effects via specific
receptors involving a neurochemical called gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Because they are safer and more effective, Benzodiazepines have replaced
barbiturates in the treatment of both anxiety and insomnia.
Benzodiazepines are also used as sedatives before some surgical and
medical procedures, and for the treatment of seizure disorders and
alcohol withdrawal.
Risk of physical dependence increases if Benzodiazepines are taken
regularly (e.g., daily) for more than a few months, especially at higher
than normal doses. Stopping abruptly can bring on such symptoms trouble
sleeping, gastrointestinal upset, feeling unwell, loss of appetite,
sweating and trembling, weakness, anxiety and changes in perception.
Only trace amounts (less than 1%) of most Benzodiazepines are excreted
unaltered in urine; most of the concentration in urine is conjugated
drug. The detection period for the Benzodiazepines in urine is 3 – 7
days.
The One Step Drug screen Test Card yields a positive result when the
Benzodiazepines in urine exceeds 300 ng/ml.
COCAINE (COC)
Cocaine is a
potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and a local anesthetic.
Initially, it brings about extreme energy and restlessness while
gradually resulting in tremors, over-sensitivity and spasms. In large
amounts, cocaine causes fever, unresponsiveness, and difficulty in
breathing and unconsciousness.
Cocaine is often self-administered by nasal inhalation, intravenous
injection and free-base smoking. It is excreted in the urine in a short
time primarily as Benzoylecgonine1,2. Benzoylecgonine, a
major metabolite of cocaine, has a longer biological half-life (5-8
hours) than cocaine (0.5-1.5 hours), and can generally be detected for
24-48 hours after cocaine exposure2.
The COC One Step Cocaine Test Strip is a rapid urine screening test that
can be performed without the use of an instrument. The test utilizes a
monoclonal antibody to selectively detect elevated levels of cocaine
metabolite in urine. The COC One Step Cocaine Test Strip yields a
positive result when the cocaine metabolite in urine exceeds 300 ng/mL.
This is the suggested screening cut-off for positive specimens set by
the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA,
USA).
MARIJUANA (THC)
THC
(.9--tetrahydrocannabinol) is the primary active ingredient in
cannabinoids (marijuana). When smoked or orally administered, it
produces euphoric effects. Users have impaired short term memory and
slowed learning. They may also experience transient episodes of
confusion and anxiety. Long term relatively heavy use may be associated
with behavioral disorders. The peak effect of smoking marijuana occurs
in 20-30 minutes and the duration is 90-120 minutes after one cigarette.
Elevated levels of urinary metabolites are found within hours of
exposure and remain detectable for 3-10 days after smoking. The main
metabolite excreted in the urine is
11-nor-.9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (.9-THC-COOH).
The THC One Step Marijuana Test Strip is a rapid urine screening test
that can be performed without the use of an instrument. The test
utilizes a monoclonal antibody to selectively detect elevated levels of
marijuana in urine. The THC One Step Marijuana Test Strip yields a
positive result when the concentration of marijuana in urine exceeds 50
ng/mL. This is the suggested screening cut-off for positive specimens
set by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA,
USA).
3
METHADONE (MTD)
Methadone is a
narcotic pain reliever for medium to severe pain. It is also used in the
treatment of heroin (opiate dependence: Vicodin, Percocet, Morphine,
etc.) addiction. Oral Methadone is very different than IV Methadone.
Oral Methadone is partially stored in the liver for late use. IV
Methadone acts more like heroin. In most states you must go to a pain
clinic or a Methadone maintenance clinic to be prescribed Methadone.
Methadone is a long acting pain reliever producing effects that last
from twelve to forth-eight hours. Ideally, Methadone frees the client
from the pressures of obtaining illegal heroin, from the dangers of
injection and from the emotional roller coaster that most opiates
produce. Methadone, if taken for long periods and at large doses, can
lead to a very long withdrawal period. The withdrawals from Methadone
are more prolonged and troublesome than those provoked by heroin
cessation, yet the substitution and phased removal of methadone is an
acceptable method of detoxification for patients and therapists.1
The MTD One step Methadone test yields a positive result when Methadone
in urine exceeds 300 ng/ml.
METHAMPHETAMINE (mAMP)
Methamphetamine
is an addictive stimulant drug that strongly activates certain systems
in the brain. Methamphetamine is closely related chemically to
amphetamine, but the central nervous system effects of Methamphetamine
are greater. Methamphetamine is made in illegal laboratories and has a
high potential for abuse and dependence. The drug can be taken orally,
injected, or inhaled. Acute higher does lead to enhanced stimulation of
the central nervous system and induce euphoria, alertness, reduced
appetite, and a sense of increased energy and power. Cardiovascular
responses to Methamphetamine include increased blood pressure and
cardiac arrhythmias. More acute responses produce anxiety, paranoia,
hallucinations, psychotic behavior, and eventually, depression and
exhaustion.
The effects of Methamphetamine generally last 2-4 hours and the drug has
a half-life of 9-24 hours in the body. Methamphetamine is excreted in
the urine primarily as amphetamine and oxidized and deaminated
derivatives. However, 10-20% of Methamphetamine is excreted unchanged.
Thus, the presence of the parent compound in the urine indicates
Methamphetamine use. Methamphetamine is generally detectable in the
urine for 3-5 days, depending on urine pH level.
The mAMP One Step Methamphetamine Test Strip is a rapid urine screening
test that can be performed without the use of an instrument. The test
utilizes a monoclonal antibody to selectively detect elevated levels of
Methamphetamine in urine. The mAMP One Step Methamphetamine Test Strip
yields a positive result when the Methamphetamine in urine exceeds 1,000
ng/mL.
OPIATE (300 ng/ml) (OPI 300 or MOP 300)
Opiate refers to
any drug that is derived from the opium poppy, including the natural
products, morphine and codeine, and the semi-synthetic drugs such as
heroin. Opioid is more general, referring to any drug that acts on the
opioid receptor.
Opioid analgesics comprise a large group of substances which control
pain by depressing the central nervous system. Large dose of morphine
can produce higher tolerance levels, physiological dependency in users,
and may lead to substance abuse. Morphine is excreted unmetabolized, and
is also the major metabolic product of codeine and heroin. Morphine is
detectable in the urine for several days after an opiate dose.4
The OPI One Step Opiate Test Strip is a rapid urine screening test that
can be performed without the use of an instrument. The test utilizes a
monoclonal antibody to selectively detect elevated levels of morphine in
urine. The OPI One Step Opiate Test Strip yields a positive result when
the morphine in urine exceeds 300 ng/mL.
OPIATE (OPI) (2000 ng/ml)
Opiate refers to
any drug that is derived from the opium poppy, including the natural
products, morphine and codeine, and the semi-synthetic drugs such as
heroin. Opioid is more general, referring to any drug that acts on the
opioid receptor.
Opioid analgesics comprise a large group of substances which control
pain by depressing the central nervous system. Large dose of morphine
can produce higher tolerance levels, physiological dependency in users,
and may lead to substance abuse. Morphine is excreted unmetabolized, and
is also the major metabolic product of codeine and heroin. Morphine is
detectable in the urine for several days after an opiate dose.4
The OPI One Step Opiate Test Strip is a rapid urine screening test that
can be performed without the use of an instrument. The test utilizes a
monoclonal antibody to selectively detect elevated levels of morphine in
urine. The OPI One Step Opiate Test Strip yields a positive result when
the morphine in urine exceeds 2,000 ng/mL. This is the suggested
screening cut-off for positive specimens set by the Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA, USA).
PHENCYCLIDINE
Phencyclidine,
also known as PCP or Angel Dust, is a hallucinogen that was first
marketed as a surgical anesthetic in the 1950’s. It was removed from the
market because patients receiving it became delirious and experienced
hallucinations.
Phencyclidine is used in powder, capsule, and tablet form. The powder is
either snorted or smoked after mixing it with marijuana or vegetable
matter. Phencyclidine is most commonly administered by inhalation but
can be used intravenously, intra-nasally, and orally. After low doses,
the user thinks and acts swiftly and experiences mood swings from
euphoria to depression. Self-injurious behavior is one of the
devastating effects of Phencyclidine.
PCP can be found in urine within 4 to 6 hours after use and will remain
in urine for 7 to 14 days, depending on factors such as metabolic rate,
user’s age, weight, activity, and diet.5 Phencyclidine is excreted in
the urine as an unchanged drug (4% to 19%) and conjugated metabolites
(25% to 30%).6
The PCP One Step Phencyclidine Test Strip is a rapid urine screening
test that can be performed without the use of an instrument. The test
utilizes a monoclonal antibody to selectively detect elevated levels of
phencyclidine metabolite in urine. The PCP One Step Phencyclidine Test
Strip yields a positive result when the phencyclidine metabolite in
urine exceeds 25 ng/mL. This is the suggested screening cut-off for
positive specimens set by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA, USA).
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT (TCA)
TCA (Tricyclic
Antidepressants) are commonly used for the treatment of depressive
disorders. TCA overdoses can result in profound central nervous system
depression, cardiotoxicity and anticholinergic effects. TCA overdose is
the most common cause of death from prescription drugs. TCAs are taken
orally or sometimes by injection. TCAs are metabolized in the liver.
Both TCAs and their metabolites are excreted in urine mostly in the form
of metabolites for up to ten days.
The One Step Drug Screen Tests yields a positive result when the
Tricyclic Antidepressant in urine exceeds 1,000 ng/ml.
PRINCIPLE
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The One Step
Multi-Drug Screen Test Panel is an immunoassay based on the principle of
competitive binding. Drugs which may be present in the urine specimen
compete against their respective drug conjugate for binding sites on
their specific antibody.
During testing, a urine specimen migrates upward by capillary action. A
drug, if present in the urine specimen below its cut-off concentration,
will not saturate the binding sites of its specific antibody. The
antibody will then react with the drug-protein conjugate and a visible
colored line will show up in the test line region of the specific drug
strip. The presence of drug above the cut-off concentration will
saturate all the binding sites of the antibody. Therefore, the colored
line will not form in the test line region.
A drug-positive urine specimen will not generate a colored line in the
specific test line region of the strip because of drug competition,
while a drug-negative urine specimen will generate a line in the test
line region because of the absence of drug competition.
To serve as a procedural control, a colored line will always appear at
the control line region, indicating that proper volume of specimen has
been added and membrane wicking has occurred.
REAGENTS
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The test panel
contains specific mouse monoclonal antibody, goat polyclonal antibody
and drug protein conjugates.
PRECAUTIONS
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•
For healthcare professionals and professionals at point of care sites.
• For in vitro
diagnostic use only. Do not use after the expiration date.
• The test panel
should remain in the sealed pouch until use.
• All specimens should be considered potentially hazardous and handled
in the same manner as an infectious agent.
• The used test
panel should be discarded according to federal, state and local
regulations
STORAGE AND STABILITY
Kit can be
stored at room temperature or refrigerated at 2-30°C. The test panel
is stable through the expiration date printed on the sealed pouch.
The test panel must remain in the sealed pouch until use. DO NOT
FREEZE. Do not use beyond the expiration date.
MATERIALS PROVIDED
• Test
panels
• Package insert
MATERIALS REQUIRED BUT NOT PROVIDED
• Specimen
collection container
• External controls
• Timer
PREPARATION URINE ASSAY
The urine
specimen must be collected in a clean and dry container. Urine
collected at any time of the day may be used. Urine specimens
exhibiting visible precipitates should be centrifuged, filtered, or
allowed to settle to obtain a clear supernatant for testing.
SPECIMEN STORAGE
Urine
specimens may be stored at 2-8°C for up to 48 hours prior to
testing. For prolonged storage, specimens may be frozen and stored
below -20°C. Frozen specimens should be thawed and mixed well before
testing.
QUALITY CONTROL
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A procedural
control is included in the test. A colored line appearing in the control
region (C) is considered an internal procedural control. It confirms
sufficient specimen volume, adequate membrane wicking and correct
procedural technique.
Control standards are not supplied with this kit. However, it is
recommended that positive and negative controls be tested as good
laboratory practice to confirm the test procedure and to verify proper
test performance.
LIMITATIONS
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1. The One Step
Multi-Drug Screen Test Panel provides only a qualitative, preliminary
analytical result. A secondary analytical method must be used to obtain
a confirmed result. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is
the preferred confirmatory method. 3,4,7
2. There is a possibility that technical or procedural errors, as well
as other interfering substances in the urine specimen may cause
erroneous results.
3. Adulterants, such as bleach and/or alum, in urine specimens may
produce erroneous results regardless of the analytical method used. If
adulteration is suspected, the test should be repeated with another
urine specimen.
4. A Positive result does not indicate level or intoxication,
administration route or concentration in urine.
5. A Negative result may not necessarily indicate drug-free urine.
Negative results can be obtained when drug is present but below the
cut-off level of the test.
6. Test does not distinguish between drugs of abuse and certain
medications.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS - ACCURACY
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A side-by-side
comparison was conducted using The One Step Single Drug Test and
commercially available drug rapid tests. Testing was performed on
approximately 300 specimens previously collected from subjects
presenting for Drug Screen Testing. Presumptive positive results were
confirmed by GC/MS. The following compounds were quantified by GC/MS and
contributed to the total amount of drugs found in presumptive positive
urine samples tested.
TEST Compounds Contributed to the Totals of GC/MS
AMP Amphetamine
BAR Secobarbital,
Butalbital, Phenobarbital, Pentobarbital
BZO Oxazepam,
Nordiazepam, a-OH-Alprazolam, Desalklflurazepam
COC Benzoylecgonine
THC
11-nor-.9-tetrahydrocannabinol-carboxylic acid
TEST Compounds Contributed to the Totals of GC/MS
MTD Methadone
mAMP Methamphetamine
OPI Morphine,
Codeine
PCP Phencyclidine
TCA Nortriptyline
Forty (40)
clinical samples for each drug were run using each of the One Step
Single Drug tests by an untrained operator at a Professional Point of
Care site. Based on GC/MS data, the operator obtained statistically
similar Positive Agreement, Negative Agreement and Overall Agreement
rates as trained Laboratory personnel.
*Note: TCA was based on HPLC data.
Precision
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A study was
conducted at three physician offices by untrained operators using three
different lots of product to demonstrate the within run, between run and
between operator precision. An identical panel of coded specimens,
containing drugs at the concentration of ± 50% and ± 25% cut-off level,
was labeled as a blind and tested at each site. The results are given
below:
Analytical Sensitivityty
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A drug-free
urine pool was spiked with drugs to the concentrations at ± 50% cut-off
and ± 25% cut-off. The results are summarized below.
Drug conc. (Cut-off range)
n
AMP
BAR
BZO
COC
THC
MTD
mAMP
OPI
PCP
TCA
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
0% Cut-off
30
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
1
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
-50% Cut-off
30
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
29
1
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
-25% Cut-off
30
30
0
27
3
26
4
30
0
12
1
24
6
30
0
30
0
19
11
22
8
Cut-off
30
18
12
22
8
12
18
4
26
1
29
21
9
18
12
30
17
16
14
12
18
+25% Cut-off
30
1
29
7
23
3
27
0
30
1
29
2
28
1
29
30
26
6
24
7
23
+50% Cut-off
30
0
30
2
28
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
0
30
Analytical Specificity
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The following
table lists the concentration of compounds (ng/mL) that are detected
positive in urine by The One Step Multi-Drug Screen Test Panel at 5
minutes.
AMPHETAMINE
D-Amphetamine
1,000
D,L-Amphetamine sulfate
3,000
L-Amphetamine
50,000
(±)3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
2,000
Phentermine
3,000
Secobarbital
300
Amobarbital
300
Alphenol
150
Aprobarbital
200
Butalbital
75
Butethal
2500
Cyclopentobarbital
100
Pentobarbital
600
Phenobarbital
300
Benzodiazepines
Oxazepam
300
Alprazolam
196
a-Hydroxyalprazolam
1262
Bromazepam
1562
Chlordiazepoxide
1562
Chlordiazepoxide HCI
781
Clobazam
98
Clonazepam
781
Clorazepate
dipotassium
195
Delorazepam
1562
Desalkyflurazepam
390
Diazepam
195
Estazolam
2500
Flunitrazepam
390
( + )
Lorazepam
1562
RS-Lorazepam
glucuronide
156
Midazolam
12500
Nitrazepam
98
Norchlordiazepoxide
195
Nordiazepam
390
Temazepam
98
Triazolam
2500
COCAINE
ng/ml
Benzoylecgonine
300
Cocaine HCl
780
Cocaethylene
12,500
Ecgonine HCl
32,000
MARIJUANA (THC)
11-nor-.9
-THC-9 COOH
50
Cannabinol
20,000
11-nor-.8-THC-9
COOH
30
.8
-THC
15,000
.9
-THC
15,000
Methadone
Methadone
300
Doxylamine
50000
METHAMPHETAMINE
D-Methamphetamine
1,000
ń-Hydroxymethamphetamine
30,000
L-Methamphetamine
8,000
(±)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
2,000
Mephentermine
50,000
OPIATES
ng/ml
Morphine
2,000
Codeine
2,000
Ethylmorphine
5,000
Hydrocodone
12,500
Hydromorphone
5,000
Levophanol
75,000
6-Monoacetylmorphine
5,000
Morphine
3-â-D-glucuronide
2,000
Norcodeine
12,500
Normorphone
50,000
Oxycodone
25,000
Oxymorphone
25,000
Procaine
150,000
Thebaine
100,000
PCP
Phencyclidine
25
4-Hydroxyphencyclidine
12,500
TCA
Nortriptyline
1,000
Nordoxepine
1,000
Trimipramine
3,000
Amitriptyline
1,500
Promazine
1,500
Desipramine
200
Imipramine
400
Clomipramine
12,500
Doxepin
2,000
Maprotiline
2,000
Promethazine
25,000
Effect of Urinary Specific Gravity
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Fifteen (15) urine samples of normal, high, and low specific gravity
ranges (1.000-1.037) were spiked with drugs at 50% below and 50% above
cut-off levels respectively. The Multi-Drug Screen Test was tested in
duplicate using fifteen drug-free urine and spiked urine samples. The
results demonstrate that varying ranges of urinary specific gravity does
not affect the test results.
Effect of the Urinary pH
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The
pH of an aliquoted negative urine pool was adjusted to a pH range of 5
to 9 in 1 pH unit increments and spiked with drugs at 50% below and 50%
above cut-off levels. The spiked, pH-adjusted urine was tested with The
One Step Multi-Drug Screen Test Panel. The results demonstrate that
varying ranges of pH does not interfere with the performance of the
test.
Cross-Reactivity
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A
study was conducted to determine the cross-reactivity of the test with
compounds in either drug-free urine or Cocaine, Amphetamine,
Methamphetamine, Marijuana, Opiate or Phencyclidine positive urine. The
following compounds show no cross-reactivity when tested with the One
Step Multi-Drug Screen Test Panel at a concentration of 100 µg/mL.
Non Cross-Reacting Compounds
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Acetaminophen
Deoxycorticosterone
Loperamide
Promazine
Acetophenetidin
Dextromethorphan
Maprotiline
Promethazine
N-Acetylprocainamide
Diazepam
MDE
DL-Propranolol
Acetylsalicylic
acid
Diclofenac
Meperidine
D-Propoxyphene
Aminopyrine
Diflunisal
Meprobamate
D-Pseudoephedrine
Amitryptyline
Digoxin
Methadone
Quinacrine
Amoxicillin
Diphenhydramine
Methoxyphenamine
Quinidine
Ampicillin
Doxylamine
Nalidixic acid
Quinine
L-Ascorbic acid
(-) -Ř-Ephedrine
Naloxone
Ranitidine
DL-Amphetamine
sulfate
â-Estradiol
Naltrexone
Salicylic acid
Apomorphine
Estrone-3-sulfate
Naproxen
Serotonin
Aspartame
Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate
Niacinamide
Sulfamethazine
Atropine
[1R,2S] (-)
Ephedrine
Nifedipine
Sulindac
Benzilic acid
(L) –
Epinephrine
Norethindrone
Temazepam
Benzoic acid
Erythromycin
D-Norpropoxyphene
Tetracycline
Benzphetamine
Fenoprofen
Noscapine
Tetrahydrocortisone, 3-acetate
Bilirubin
Furosemide
DL-Octopamine
Tetrahydrocortisone 3-
(±) –
Brompheniramine
Gentisic acid
Oxalic acid
(â-D-glucuronide)
Caffeine
Hemoglobin
Oxazepam
Tetrahydrozoline
Cannabidiol
Hydralazine
Oxolinic acid
Thiamine
Chloralhydrate
Hydrochlorothiazide
Oxymetazoline
Thioridazine
Chloramphenicol
Hydrocortisone
Papaverine
DL-Tyrosine
Chlorothiazide
O-Hydroxyhippuric
acid
Penicillin-G
Tolbutamide
(±) –
Chlorpheniramine
p-Hydroxyamphetamine
Pentazocine
hydrochloride
Triamterene
Chlorpromazine
3-Hydroxytyramine
Perphenazine
Trifluoperazine
Chlorquine
Ibuprofen
Phenelzine
Trimethoprim
Cholesterol
Imipramine
Trans-2-phenylcyclo-propylamine
Trimipramine
Clomipramine
Iproniazid
hydrochloride
Tryptamine
Clonidine
(±) –
Isoproterenol
L-Phenylephrine
DL-Tryptophan
Cortisone
Isoxsuprine
â-Phenylethylamine
Tyramine
(-) Cotinine
Ketamine
Phenylpropanolamine
Uric acid
Creatinine
Ketoprofen
Prednisolone
Verapamil
Labetalol
Prednisone
Zomepirac
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Back To Top
1. Stewart DJ,
Inaba T, Lucassen M, Kalow W. Clin Pharmacol. Ther, April 1979; 25 ed:
464, 264-8
2. Ambre J. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1985; 9:241
3. Hawks RL, CN Chiang. Urine Testing for Drugs of Abuse. National
Institute for Drug Abuse (NIDA), Research Monograph 73, 01986; 1735.
4. Tietz NA. Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. W.B. Saunders Company.
1986; 1735.
5. FDA Guidance Document: Guidance for Premarket Submission for Kits for
Screening Drugs of Abuse to be used by the Consumer, 199.
6. Robert DeCresce. Drug Testing in the workplace, 114.
7. Baselt RC. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man. 2nd
ED. Biomedical Publ., Davis, CA 1982; 487.
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